Zaɓi sigar Ubuntu da architecture masu dacewa

Duba manhaja kafin ƙirƙirar VPS

Rubuta OS releases da manhaja ke tallafawa, runtime, database, native extensions da packages daga wasu repositories. Bincika images da architecture da kamfanin hosting yake bayarwa. Ubuntu 24.04 ya fara da Python 3.12, PHP 8.3 da PostgreSQL 16; patch versions da updates suna canzawa.

Zaɓi sigar da ke da tallafi kuma ta dace da aikin. Sigar da ka saba ba lallai ta kasance zaɓi mafi dacewa ga sabon deployment ba.

Tabbatar da image da aka karɓa

A VPS, karanta OS, kernel da architecture:

cat /etc/os-release
uname -r
dpkg --print-architecture
uname -m

Sunan kernel shi kaɗai ba ya bayyana Ubuntu release ko support coverage. amd64 da x86_64 suna nuni ga architecture ɗaya; haka arm64 da aarch64. Tabbatar packages da binaries ɗinka suna dacewa da na sabar.

Bari cloud-init ya kammala

Idan image yana amfani da cloud-init, duba halinsa:

if command -v cloud-init >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    cloud-init status --long
else
    printf '%s\n' 'cloud-init is not installed; check the provider provisioning method.'
fi

Idan yana running, jira kafin ka yi aikin da zai yi karo da provisioning. Rashin cloud-init a wani image ba hujjar cewa image ɗin ya lalace ba ne. Idan sakamakon ya nuna error ko degraded, bincika bayanai:

sudo tail -n 50 /var/log/cloud-init.log
sudo tail -n 50 /var/log/cloud-init-output.log

Kare secrets da bayanan asusu kafin raba logs. Kada ka yi cloud-init clean kawai domin ɓoye kuskure; gano dalilinsa da aikin da bai kammala ba.

Bincika packages da versions na gaske

Sabunta package index, sannan duba abin da repositories suke bayarwa:

sudo apt update
apt-cache policy python3 php postgresql
apt-cache policy python3.12 php8.3 postgresql-16

Candidate: (none) yana buƙatar binciken repository, release da architecture. Installed: (none) na iya nufin ba a sanya package ba tukuna. Kada ka ƙara repository da ba ka sani ba don kawai kawar da sakon.

Metapackage ba koyaushe yake faɗin runtime ɗin da manhaja ke amfani da shi ba. Bincika executable, service configuration, extension da database na gaske.

Misalin matsalar compatibility biyu

Ka ɗauki manhaja mai buƙatar Python 3.10 da extension da aka gina don amd64. Default Python na Ubuntu 24.04 a arm64 bai cika buƙatun biyu ba: sigar runtime da architecture sun bambanta.

Virtual environment yana ware dependencies; ba ya juya Python 3.12 zuwa 3.10 ko binary na amd64 zuwa arm64. Kada ka maye gurbin system Python domin gyara manhaja. Zaɓi update na manhaja, runtime da ake kula da shi ko container mai dacewa. Idan dole a yi tsohon OS, lissafa support da hanyar ƙaura.

Gwada native extension, database, background job da restore. Buɗewar home page kaɗai ba ta tabbatar da compatibility ba.

Containers da iyakar support

Container yana da nasa userspace, amma yana dogaro da host kernel, network da volumes. Bincika platform na image da yadda ake gina shi. Kada ka ɗauka emulation zai kasance ko zai ba da performance iri ɗaya. Pin versions tare da tsarin updates.

Standard security maintenance na Ubuntu Main ba ya rufe kowane package daga koʼina. Ubuntu Pro yana da ƙarin coverage; packages na ɓangare na uku suna da masu kula da su daban. Bincika duka OS da manhaja.

Bambanta package update da release upgrade

Yi package updates a lokacin da aka tsara, duba failed services da ko ana buƙatar reboot:

apt list --upgradable
systemctl --failed
if [ -f /var/run/reboot-required ]; then cat /var/run/reboot-required; fi

Rashin reboot marker ba tabbacin cewa duk software na yanzu ne ba. Kafin release upgrade, gwada a kwafi ko sabuwar VPS. Duba runtime, database, repositories, jobs da hanyar recovery.

Shirya final sync da rollback. Idan an fara rubuta sabon data bayan ƙaura, tsohon snapshot ba zai ƙunshi odar da ta zo daga baya ba. Rubuta yadda za a kiyaye waɗannan canje-canje kafin mayar da tsohon tsarin.

Ajiye bayanin da za a sake amfani da shi

Rubuta Ubuntu release, architecture, kernel, provider image, app build, lockfiles, repositories da provisioning steps marasa secrets. Ƙara acceptance checks, wanda ke da alhakin kulawa da hanyar recovery.

Wannan bayanin yana taimaka wa wani ya sake gina sabar ya gwada ta. Bi matakan wallafa HTTPS bayan tabbatar da image, kuma tsara backup da restore.

Tambayoyi da amsoshi

Takardu da madogarai

• Madogara: Ubuntu 24.04 release notes
• Madogara: Ubuntu release lifecycle
• Madogara: cloud-init status documentation
• Madogara: Ubuntu dpkg manual
• Madogara: Python virtual environments
• Madogara: Ubuntu package management